Opening Lanes
by Gary Lane

The Unknown Move

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN someone plays an opening move that
is not in your book? I suspect panic is the first thought followed by
a belief that the opponent must have come across some relatively
unknown, Russian analysis. Therefore, I can understand why Esa
Kinnunen (Sweden) is concerned by a rare move in a main line. 

"I have a question for you about a dubious variation in Caro-Kann,
that I have encountered recently. Here are the initial moves: 1 e4
c6 2 d4 d5 3 Nc3 dxe4 4 Nxe4 Nf6 5 Nxf6 exf6 6 Bc4 and
everything seems to be on track with Black, having a somewhat
passive, but playable position (I have played it myself as Black).
But now things start to happen: 6 b5!?! (hmm??) a couple of
games on the net ended in catastrophe for me after 7 Bb3 a5 8 a3
a4 9 Ba2 Bd6 10 Nf3 0-0 11 0-0 Bg4 (who is passive now?). I
reached the state that I was prepared to try 7 Bd3,Qxd4 8 Nf3 with
perhaps some compensation for the pawn. My opening theory
books do not give any variations on this provocative thrust with the
b-pawn. Is there any theory available?"

After 1 e4 c6 2 d4 d5 3 Nc3 dxe4 4 Nxe4 Nf6 5 Nxf6 exf6 6 Bc4
b5?! (See Diagram) 

I do not think this move indicates the end of the line for White
because as you suggest it weakens Black's pawn structure. 7 Bb3 It
makes sense to keep the bishop on the a2-g8 diagonal. The gambit
with 7 Bd3 Qxd4 8 Nf3 is good for blitz games but I think White
has insufficient compensation for the pawn.  7 a5 8 a4! This is an
improvement on 8 a3 which allows Black to have all the fun. Now
it is not clear how Black should continue because 8 bxa4 9 Bxa4
gives himself a poor pawn formation which is a long term problem,
while 8 Nd7 fails to 9 axb5 axb5 10 Qh5! hitting f7 and b5 with
the better game. The most likely continuation is 8 b4 when White
can continue as in the main lines. For instance 9 Ne2 Bd6 10 0-0 0-
0 11 Qf3 intending Nf5 with a definite edge for White. I have not
been able to trace any master games with 6 b5.  

Bill Krauss (USA) asks an intriguing question: "I was reading a
very old chess book which had the great advice (to me) which went
something like this: Since 90 - 95% of all games are played with
either 1 e4 or 1 d4, then it is worth while to try to develop a
repertoire including at least one opening of each for both black and
white. Good advice, I thought. Well I've been working on that idea
for a while now with some success but I'd like to include a few
gambit openings into the repertoire. The trouble is that there isn't
much information on the many and various gambits to be able to
make a decision on which would
be the best choice for my criterion."

There is no easy answer to this as all gambits have their own good
and bad points. One idea is go through a book of master games and
see which examples appeal to your style of play and then take a
more active interest in that particular opening. You can't go wrong
with something like the King's Gambit after 1 e4 e5 2 f4. This has
a fascinating history associated with it and it has been a favourite
of many of the leading players in the world. Another choice as
Black might be the Budapest Gambit, which appears on the board
after 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 e5. It has a good pedigree and there are lots of
tricks available. As you point out in your letter the likes of Anand,
Gelfand and Timman are unlikely to turn up at your club so you
can play the openings with confidence. If you are looking for
something spectacular to destroy your club mates inside 25 moves
then take careful notice of the following question.

"Which gambit is more sound the Smith-Morra Gambit or the
Blackmar Diemer Gambit?"  askss Larry Carroll (USA). He adds,
" I maintain that the Smith-Morra is marginally more sound. I read
somewhere that Karpov said that it wasn't bad." 

These gambit openings do contain a certain amount of risk because
basically Black wishes to grab the pawn, defend like Karpov and
win the ending like Capablanca. The reality is somewhat different,
but it is true the stronger the player the more likely his defensive
capabilities will be able to cope with the forthcoming attack. It has
to be said that the Smith-Morra gambit has attracted interest from
various strong players.

Adams-Watson British Ch 1990
1 e4 c5 2 d4 cxd4 3 c3 (See Diagram) 

The idea is that by sacrificing the c-pawn, White gains a lead in
development, and opens the c-file. 3 dxc3 4 Nxc3 Nc6 5 Nf3 e6
6 Bc4 In this line Adams enjoys an initiative and a typical plan is
to bring the rooks to the c- and d-files to harass the movement of
the black queen. 6 Nge7 7 Bg5 Even at this early stage Watson
has to be careful to avoid a disaster. After 7 d6? then 8 Nb5 wins,
while the plausible 7 h6? fails to 8 Nb5 d5 9 exd5 exd5 10 Bf4. 
7 f6 8 Be3 Ng6 9 0-0 Be7 10 Qe2 (See Diagram) 

10 a6? Black immediately whisked the king to safety with
10 0-0 in Silveira-Muniz, Sao Paulo 1999. There followed 11
Rfd1 Qa5 (11 a6? 12 Bxe6+ or 11 Qe8? 12 Nb5 is good for
White) 12 a3 a6 13 b4 Qh5 14 Qa2 Nce5 15 Nxe5 fxe5 16 Be2
Qh4 17 g3 Qf6 18 Na4 d5 19 exd5 exd5 20 Nb6 Be6 21 Nxd5 and
White was better.  11 Na4! Qc7 Watson would like to play 11 b5
but after 12 Bb6 is left only with a red face. 12 Nb6 Rb8 13 Rac1
0-0 14 Rfd1 f5 Black tries to conjure up some active play but
Adams is too good for that. 15 exf5 Rxf5 16 Qd3 Kh8 16 d5 is
dealt a blow by 17 Qxf5 exf5 18 Nxd5 Qa5 19 Bb6 and the black
queen leaves the board. 17 Nxd7 Bxd7 18 Qxd7 Qxd7 19 Rxd7
The ending is better for White has a powerful pair of bishops and
the more active pieces. 19 Nf8 20 Rd2 Bb4 21 Re2 Rd8 22 a3
Bc5 23 Bxa6! Adams wins a pawn that brings the game to an end
as a contest. 23 Bxe3 24 Rxe3 bxa6 25 Rxc6 Rb5 26 b4 a5 27
bxa5 Rxa5 28 g3 Rdd5 29 Rc8 Kg8 30 Rb3 Kf7 31 Rb7+ Nd7 32
Ne5+ 1-0

I have to point out that supporters of a particular gambit have been
known to be economic with the truth. For example one book on the
Smith-Morra gambit proudly states that Short has played the
opening against world-class opposition. A bit of research revealed
that in the game quoted Nigel was 10-years-old playing in a
simultaneous display against Karpov!

I have written a book on the Blackmar-Diemer Gambit (BDG) and
found one of the reasons why my fellow masters never played it is
because they did not even know it existed. In fact, the opening was
first played by the American Armand Edward Blackmar (1826-
1888) who wrote an article in the July 1882 issue of Bretano's
Chess Monthly, that advocated 1 d4 d5 2 e4 dxe4 3 f3. This soon
came under scrutiny from the best players of the era who came up
with 3 e5! as a decent retort. Then along came Emil Josif Diemer
(1908-1990) who added 3 Nc3 to the line and wrote a book to
support his ideas. After over 100 years of history this opening is
still almost exclusively reserved for club players who prefer attack
to defence.

Cole-Seale Truro 1994
1 d4 d5 2 e4 dxe4 3 Nc3 Nf6 4 f3 (See Diagram) 

This signals the start of the gambit. 4 exf3 5 Nxf3 In return for
the pawn White has the open f-file and a lead in development. The
Ryder Gambit 5 Qxf3 is rather ambitious but is a prelude to an
amusing trap after 5 Qxd4 6 Be3 Qb4 7 0-0-0 Bg4? 8 Nb5! when
the tactics favour White. 5 e6 A line better known as the Euwe
Defence. 6 Bg5 Bb4?! The bishop pins the knight but a better idea
is to start thinking about the defence with 6 Be7. 7 Bd3 Nbd7 8
Qd2 0-0 9 Ne5 Be7 It can hardly be a good sign when Black has to
admit that he has already wasted a move in the opening. 10 0-0-0
h6 11 h4! Roland Cole is revelling in the tactics. He learned his
chess at the famous Truro school, which has produced a number of
strong players including a certain Michael Adams. 11 c6 The
bishop is taboo as 11 hxg5 allows 12 hxg5 to open the h-file for
the rook. For instance: 12 Ne8 13 Bh7+ Kh8 14 Bg6+ Kg8 15
Bxf7+ Rxf7 16 Rh8+! Kxh8 17 Nxf7+ wins.  12 g4 White can
speed matters up with 12 Bxh6! when 12 gxh6 13 Qxh6
intending Rh3 wins. 12 Nd5 13 Bxh6 Bxh4 14 Ne4 Nxe5 15
dxe5 Be7 16 Nf6+ gxf6 17 Bh7+ Kh8 18 Bg7+ Kxg7 19 Qh6+ 1-
0

I will take the opportunity to look at a few more BDG games
because it has attracted a great deal of interest judging by the
number of e-mails I have received on this subject.  Thanks to
George Goanos (USA) and Hayden Jones (England) who came
up with interesting points. Selby Anderson and Gary Zintgraff
(USA), both sent in the following game. Zintgraff-Fulton SACS
Swiss 1999 1 d4 d5 2 e4 c6 3 Nc3 dxe4 4 Bc4 Nf6 5 f3 exf3 6
Nxf3 Bf5 7 0-0 e6 8 Ne5 Bxc2
9 Nxf7! Kxf7 10 Bxe6+ Kxe6 11 Qxc2 Be7 12 Qb3+! Nd5 13
Nxd5 Qxd5 14 Qh3+ 1-0.

This is similar to a line I examined in my 1995 book but since then
there has been an advance in theory that both players might be
interested in knowing. 1 d4 d5 2 e4 dxe4 3 Nc3 Nf6 4 f3 c6 4 e5
is a classic mistake which has been played numerous times. It loses
after 5 dxe5 Qxd1+ 6 Kxd1 Nfd7 7 Nd5 Kd8 8 Bg5+. 5 Bc4 exf3 6
Nxf3 Bf5 (See Diagram) 

This line is known as the Ziegler Defence. Not 6 Bg4? when 7
Ne5! Bh5 8 Qxh5 is an amusing win.  7 Ne5 e6 8 0-0 Bxc2 9 Nxf7!
Kxf7 Welling-Wrobel, Luxembourg 1982, went 9 Bxd1 10 Nxd8
Kxd8 11 Rxd1 Nd5 12 Re1 Bb4 13 Rxe6 Nxc3 14 bxc3 Bxc3 15
Bg5+ Kd7 16 Re7+ Kd6 17 Rd1 h6 18 Re6+ Kd7 19 Bf4 Re8 20
Rd6+ Ke7 21Rd3 Bb4 22 Re3+ Kf8 23 Rf6+ 1-0. 10 Qxc2 Qxd4+
11 Be3! (See Diagram) 

An idea by the German theorist Stefan Bucker that has renewed
interest in the variation and we now follow his analysis. I don't
recommend 10 Be6+ that has been credited to the English club
player Otto Hardy. It simply loses after 10 Kxe6 11 Qxc2 Kd7 12
Bg5 Kc8 13 d5 Bd6 when the White attack has disappeared.
11 Qxe3+ If 11 Qxc4 then 12 Rf4 Qa6 13 Ra4 which traps the
black queen giving White the advantage. 12 Kh1 Bd6 13 Rae1
Qh6 14 Bxe6+ Kf8 15 g4 Na6 If Black wishes to simplify matters
with 15 Qxh2+ then 16 Qxh2 Bxh2 17 Kxh2 h6 (otherwise g5)
18 Bc8 and White is better. 16 g5 Qxg5 17 Ne4 Qg6 18 Bf5 Qf7
19 Nxd6 Qd5+ 20 Ne4 Re8 21 Rd1 Qe5 22 Qb3 Nc5 23 Nxc5
Qxc5 24 Rd7Re7 25 Rd8+ Re8 26 Rxe8+ Kxe8 27 Qe6+ Qe7 28
Qc8+ Qd8 29 Re1+ Kf7 30 Qxb7+ Kf8 31 Qb4+ Kf7 32 Be6+
and White wins.

There are certain players who do their best to promote the BDG
such as the American enthusiasts Charles Diebert, Tim Sawyer and
Tom Purser. The question asked by Steve Lack (England) is
whether any masters play the opening?

The answer is yes! In the following example the English
International Master, Miroslav Houska adopts the BDG for his
game against Moskovic, played at Witley 1999. 1 d4 Nf6 2 Nc3 d5
3 e4 dxe4 4 f3 exf3 5 Nxf3 e6 6 Bg5 Be7 7 Bd3 Nbd7 8 0-0 0-0 9
Qe1 A standard idea in the opening to transfer the queen to the
kingside for an attack. 9 c5 10 Qh4 g6 11 Ne5 Re8? (See
Diagram) 12 Nxf7! The knight demolishes Black's defensive pawn
barrier. 12 Qc7 If 12 Kxf7 13 Qxh7+ Kf8 14 Nh6 mate. 13
Bxg6 hxg6 14 Qh8+ Kxf7 15 Qh7+ Kf8 16 Bh6 mate 1-0
 
For those of you new to this opening it can be reached by a variety
of move-orders. For instance: 1 d4 Nf6 2 Nc3 d5 3 e4 dxe4 4 f3, 1
e4 d5 2 d4 (lots of shock value!) 2 dxe4 3 Nc3 Nf6 4 f3 and 1 e4
Nf6 2 Nc3 d5 3 d4 (rarely mentioned in books on the Alekine)
3 dxe4 4 f3. I would welcome questions about the BDG.

Finally, Ralph Hart (New Zealand) wants information on an
amusing line. "After seeing openings of dubious repute appear in
your article I would be interested in your opinion of yet another!
The key is 1 d4 d5 2 Nc3 Nf6 3 f3 Bf5 4  g4!?, which I have
appropriately named the H(e)art attack. I venture further with the
idea of 4 Bc8, 5 g5 Ng8!, with an undoubtedly new and
interesting position. The alternative 4 Bg6 5 g5 Nh5 falls foul
because of 6. e4 e6 7 f4! (with the idea of Be2) and the knight is
doomed.

My first impression was that a true gambit player would try 4 e4
transposing to the Blackmar-Diemer. However, I have to say that
to my surprise I found a game to back up your theory. 
D.Marzluf-M.Morrison Wch Seniors 1992 1 d4 Nf6 2 Nc3 d5 3 f3
Bf5 4 g4 (See Diagram) 4 Bg6 5 g5 Nh5 6 e4 e6 7 f4 dxe4 8 Be2
(See Diagram) 

Black has lost a piece without enough compensation. For the
record I give the rest of the game. 8 Nf6 9 gxf6 Qxf6 10 h4 h6
11 Be3 Bb4 12 Qd2 Nd7 13 0-0-0 0-0 14 h5 Bh7 15 Nh3 Rfd8 16
Nf2 Bf5 17 Ng4 Bxg4 18 Bxg4 Nb6 19 Qf2? (19 Qe1!) intending
to meet 19 Nc4 with 20 Nxe4 is excellent for Whit0 19 Bxc3
20 bxc3 Qe7 21 Kd2 Nc4+ 22 Ke1 Qa3 23 Kf1 Qxc3 24 Rh3
Rd5 25 Rg3 Rad8 26 f5 e5 27 Bxh6 e3 28 Bxe3 Nxe3+ 29 Rxe3
Qc4+ 30 Kg1 Rxd4 31 Rxd4 Rxd4 32 Be2 Qd5 33 c4 Qd6 34
Qg3 Rf4 35 h6 Qxh6 36 Rxe5 Qb6+ 37 c5 Qb1+ 38 Kg2 Re4 39
a3 Qc2 40 Kf2 Qa4 41 Rxe4 Qxe4 42 f6 Qd4+ 43 Ke1 Qxf6 44
Qxc7 Qc3+ 45 Kf1 Qf6+ 46 Ke1 Qc3+ 47 Kf1 Qf6+ 48 Kg2
Qg5+ -. A possible improvement is 3 c5 to stop having a
Heart Attack!